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Influence of Material-Related Aspects of Additive and Subtractive Ti-6Al-4V Manufacturing on Energy Demand and Carbon Dioxide Emissions

机译：加减法制造Ti-6Al-4V的材料相关方面对能源需求和二氧化碳排放的影响

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The additive manufacturing of metal parts represents a promising process that could be used alongside traditional manufacturing methods. The research scenario in this field is still largely unexplored, as far as the technological solutions adopted to integrate different processes are concerned and in terms of environmental and economic impact assessment. In this article, an electron beam melting (EBM) process and a machining process have been analyzed and compared using a cradle-to-grave life cycle-based approach. The production of components made of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy has been assumed as a case study. The proposed methodology is able to account for all of the main factors of influence on energy demand and carbon dioxide emissions when the component shape is varied. The results prove that, besides the direct energy intensity of the manufacturing processes, the impacts related to material usage are usually dominant. Therefore, when complex geometries have to be manufactured, the additive manufacturing approach could be the best strategy, if it enables a larger amount of material savings than conventional machining. Vice versa, when a small amount of material has to be machined off, the high energy intensity of an EBM process has a negative effect on the performance of the process.
机译：金属零件的增材制造代表了一种有前途的过程，可与传统制造方法一起使用。就涉及整合不同过程的技术解决方案以及环境和经济影响评估而言，该领域的研究方案仍未得到充分探索。在本文中，已经使用基于从摇篮到坟墓的生命周期的方法对电子束熔化（EBM）过程和机加工过程进行了分析和比较。案例研究假设以Ti-6Al-4V合金制成的部件的生产。当部件形状变化时，所提出的方法能够解决影响能源需求和二氧化碳排放的所有主要因素。结果证明，除了制造过程的直接能量强度外，与材料使用相关的影响通常是主要的。因此，当必须制造复杂的几何形状时，如果与传统机械加工相比可以节省大量材料，则增材制造方法可能是最佳策略。反之亦然，当必须加工少量材料时，EBM工艺的高能量强度会对工艺性能产生负面影响。

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